Firearm

Firearms, also called guns, are ranged weapons that fire a projectile from a barrel at high speeds using black powder. Firearms are a recent invention in Exandria, having been created in 807 PD, and have only just begun to reach widespread use by 836 PD.

Individuals that are skilled in the use of firearms are called gunslingers.

Invention
The first known gun created in Exandria was created by Percival de Rolo. Around the year 807 PD, two years after the Briarwoods invaded Whitestone and killed Percy's family, he had a dream in which a shadowy creature, a demon named Orthax, offered him a means to enact revenge. Percy, believing the dream to be nothing more than that, accepted the bargain. When he awoke, he set about creating his first gun, a device with six revolving chambers that he called a pepperbox. The sidearm he created from it would be known as The List. Percy would also invent the propellant necessary to fire the bullets from the gun, known as black powder.

Percy attempted to use this gun to kill one of the conspirators that worked with the Briarwoods, a woman named Doctor Anna Ripley. He failed to do so, and was imprisoned by her in Jorenn Village, where he was later found by the adventuring party Vox Machina, whom he joined. Meanwhile, Ripley became obsessed with the weapon that Percy had created, and set about creating a replica, having studied the weapon while Percy was imprisoned and using eye-witness accounts of the weapon across Vox Machina's adventures.

Percy would later build a second firearm, this time a powerful, single shot musket. He would name this weapon Bad News. Percy recognized the danger of the weapons he created, and when he was done adventuring with Vox Machina, planned to have his guns and the schematics to create them destroyed.

In the city of Vasselheim, an eccentric man named Victor independently invented black powder. He had discovered that the substance had explosive results and was using it for the purposes of blast mining. He was overjoyed to learn that Percy had another use for black powder and was looking to purchase some from him.

Initial spread
By 810 PD, Anna Ripley had created her own gun, a four shot revolver with only a single barrel, though the experimentation with creating black powder would cost her an arm. Percy and Vox Machina encountered Ripley in the dungeon of Whitestone Castle during the Whitestone Rebellion. Percy confiscated Ripley's revolver, which he would use and name Retort after The List was destroyed by Scanlan Shorthalt. Ripley escaped from Vox Machina and eventually made her way to Vasselheim, where she also encountered Victor and purchased a large amount of black powder.

During the Chroma Crisis, Ripley made a deal with Orthax, who desired revenge after being spurned by Percy during the Whitestone Rebellion. Through this deal she created her own pepperbox named Animus. She also manufactured a number of guns, both revolvers and muskets. While she kept some for use by her associates, she sold a number of them in Vasselheim and Ank'Harel, as well as the schematics to produce more. While Ripley and her associate gunslingers were killed and their weapons confiscated by Vox Machina, the damage was done and the seed of firearm usage was spread across Exandria.

Percy, recognizing that he could no longer prevent the spread of the weapon he created, outfitted a number of guards in Whitestone with the confiscated firearms and trained them in their use, creating the Whitestone Rifle Corps.

Later use
Firearms and black powder would eventually make their way to the Concordian city of Port Zoon, on the Menagerie Coast of Wildemount. There, tinkerers made incredible advancement in black powder technology. Firearms were mass produced and made more reliable, and large guns known as cannons would be created to defend ships at sea and mounted to create siege engines. The designs for these guns made their way inland to the Dwendalian Empire, where the city of Hupperdook produces them for use by the Righteous Brand.

By 835 PD, guns are somewhat common in Wildemount but are not sold for civilian use. They are primarily used by the Righteous Brand, the Dwendalian military, as well as the navy of the Clovis Concord, the Shore Wardens. However, a black market of firearms trade has sprung up, and pirates of The Revelry and agents of the Myriad crime syndicate are commonly seen using and trading guns as well.

By 836 PD in Whitestone, members of the city's Pale Guard are permitted limited use of three-barreled pepperbox revolvers. The Whitestone Rifle Corps are permitted to only wield their rifles while patrolling the city's walls and castle battlements. The Grey Hunt have also adopted the use of firearms, with each weapon custom made for its owner. Members of the Gray Hunt are entrusted to not lose their weapon. Should it not be destroyed, they are not permitted to return without it. Grey Hunters are honor-bound to apprehend and return any Whitestone-made firearms that are found in the wrong hands.

In 843 PD Marquet, firearms are relatively commonplace, though still somewhat expensive, in the Hellcatch Valley city of Bassuras. Esmer Balenta manufactures black powder and firearms such as pepperboxes and carbine muskets, and sells them at her store Finders Takers. Carbines are also a common weapon to be mounted on crawlers, as well as large rapid-fire artillery guns called a Kshatriya Special.

Design
The firearms originally created by Percy in 807 PD use a flintlock mechanism. Many of them had revolving chambers, either with the barrel attached, in the case of the pepperbox, or with a separate barrel. Percy's guns, while intricate and powerful, were somewhat liable to break when fired, and were expensive to repair. Later designs by 835 PD were more durable, but often at the cost of firepower and speed, having only one chamber. By 843 PD, firearms made in Marquet use a caplock mechanism, using black powder caps to fire the bullet.

Types of guns
The following types of guns have appeared on Critical Role.
 * Pistol: A sidearm with a single chamber.
 * Revolver: A sidearm with a rotating cylinder with four chambers, and a single barrel.
 * Pepperbox: A sidearm with a rotating cylinder with three to six chambers, with an equal number of barrels.
 * Musket: A longarm with a single chamber.
 * Carbine: A musket with a shortened barrel.
 * Cannon: An artillery gun that fires large cast iron balls.
 * Kshatriya Special: A multi-barreled artillery gun capable of rapid fire.

Guns made by Percival de Rolo

 * The List: the first gun ever made, a six chambered pepperbox.
 * Bad News: Percy's most powerful gun, a long musket.

Guns made by Anna Ripley

 * Retort: Anna's first working replica of Percy's gun. A four chambered revolver.
 * Animus: Anna's second gun, a six chambered pepperbox.

Guns made by others

 * Sweet Baby: a pistol carried by Veth Brenatto

Trivia

 * The design of Percy's guns, save for Bad News, are flintlock revolvers, which are very rare in real life. This is due to them being invented in the 1820s, at the end of the flintlock's popular use, as percussion caps were introduced around the same time. The most notable real life gunsmith who made flintlock revolvers was Elisha Collier.